Science

Georgia and the Archaeological Heritage of Early Writing Systems

Archaeogenetics & Archaeology, Caucasus and Civilizations, Science /

Author: Jano Markhulia February 16, 2026 (Part III) Abstract The article constitutes the third part of the study entitled “From Sumerian Cuneiform to the Grakliani Inscriptions: The Caucasus as a Crossroads of the Earliest Writing Culture.” The first part examines the formation and evolution of the earliest writing systems in the Near East and adjacent […]

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Disease Molecular Mapping: How New Technologies Are Changing the Study of Disease

AI, Biology & Medicine, Science /

Author: Jano Markhulia Abstract Three recent studies illustrate how high-resolution molecular and cellular mapping is changing the way diseases are investigated. A CRISPRa platform identified genes involved in lymphoma growth and resistance to venetoclax; a CAR-T study showed that temporarily restoring a lost molecular target may increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy against aggressive tumors; and molecular

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The Information Architecture of Life: How Biological Information Is Organized

Archaeogenetics & Archaeology, Biology & Medicine, Chemistry, Science /

Author: Jano Markhulia Abstract Three independent studies in contemporary biology — deciphering the biosynthesis of toxic plant compounds, identifying a new mechanism involving mobile genetic elements, and detecting previously unknown archaic genetic lineages in the human genome — converge on a common idea: life can be understood as a multilayered system for generating, transmitting, and storing

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